⁣The functioning of the water cycle involves a change in energy which leads to a difference in temperature. The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that facilitates the exchange of carbon through the different compartments of earth. Carbon is the backbone of all biological compounds and many minerals like limestone. ⁣The terrestrial carbon and water cycles are strongly coupled. As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration increases, climate and the coupled hydrologic cycle are modified, thus altering the terrestrial water cycle and the availability of soil moisture necessary for plants' carbon dioxide uptake.

⁣In sexual reproduction, an organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique. In asexual reproduction, one parent copies itself to form a genetically identical offspring.

⁣Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

⁣Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). In humans, body (or somatic) cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).

⁣There are different tests which can be used to detect carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
They involve adding a reagent to a food sample which changes colour depending on what biological molecules are present.

⁣Health, as defined by the World Health Organisation, is a state of mental, social as well as physical being. Disease being the opposite, is a hindrance in the well being of our body that affects the functioning of organs and organ systems.

⁣A gene is a specific segment of DNA that tells cells how to function. A genome is the entirety of the genetic material inside an organism.

⁣An allele is one of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a given genomic location. ⁣The most common interaction between alleles is a dominant/recessive relationship. An allele of a gene is said to be dominant when it effectively overrules the other (recessive) allele. Eye colour and blood groups are both examples of dominant/recessive gene relationships.

⁣The life of an organization is made out of several levels that majorly include organ, tissue, cellular, chemical, organ system, and organism level.

⁣The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It is one of 2 parts of the nervous system. The other part is the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The central nervous system is the body's processing centre.

Excretion in animals

Reproduction in humans

Cell structure and organisation

Cell structure and organisation

B2- Inheritance of sex

A real cl****room Biology lesson on the topic of Photosynthesis. British Private Schooling in a Real TV Studio. Part of the SmartLearn Private School at Home series.

GCSE Additional Science Biology Respiration

What is Genetic Engineering- - Definition and Examples -

The cl****ification system organises species into domain, kingdom, phylum, cl****, order, family, genus and finally species.
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<br>‘Kingdom is the second highest rank below the rank of domain in this sequence of cl****ification. It helps us to group, or cl****ify, species into different families so we can see how closely or not they are related.
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<br>Cl****ification attempts to impose a hierarchy on the complex and dynamic variety of life on Earth by describing how different species group together, and how related they are to one another or not.
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<br>There are 5 kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes and protoctists. Each kingdom has chareristic features so that an organism can easily be ****igned to one of the kingdoms.
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<br>Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular and have no cell walls. They develop from a blastocyst (which is part of embryo development). They have both nervous and hormonal control systems. They are heterotrophic which means they eat stuff and have a digestive system. They are motile which means they move. Cell division, which enables growth, happens in tissues.
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<br>Plants are eukaryotic, and multicellular like animals. However, unlike animals they have cell walls, with cellulose in. They are autotrophic, which means they use photosynthesis to make their own energy from sunlight. Their growth is restricted to meristems - which is layers of dividing cells. They are non-motile, have a leaf gas exchange system and are waterproofed.
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<br>The Fungi kingdom are eukaryotes and can be multicellular like animals and plants but can also be unicellular such as yeast. They have cell walls like plants but have a substance called chitin rather than cellulose. They are heterotrophic and saprotrophic meaning they decompose - so they break things down, or are parasitic. The body of a fungus is composed of thin filaments called hyphae. And they secrete enzymes, do external digestion and then absorb the resulting nutrients.
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<br>The Protoctista kingdom are eukaryotes like animals and plants. They can be unicellular and multicellular, like the fungi. They have cell walls, sometimes with polysaccharides. They are autotrophic and heterotrophic.
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<br>The prokaryotes are unicellular, they lack the organelles that are seen in eukaryotes. They are typically really small: about 10μm in size. Much too small to see with the human eye. They have cell walls and they are autotrophic, using photosynthesis and chemosynthesis (without light) and they are heterotrophic. They divide by binary fission, not by mitosis.
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<br>So from this video you should know that Kingdoms break down into 5 groups (Prokaryotae, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae Animalia), based upon different chareristics including whether they have cell walls, are eukaryotic or prokaryotic, and how they get nutrition.
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Plant and Animal Cells - GCSE Biology Revision - SCIENCE WITH HAZEL<br />Need new clothes ? http://ahshirts.com<br />Need new clothes ? http://ahshirts.com